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Civil War ‑ Stories

The Civil War was America's bloodiest and most divisive conflict, pitting the Union Army against the Confederate States of America. The war resulted in the deaths of more than 620,000 people, with millions more injured and the South left in ruins.

A public school room in Washington, D.C. circa late 1800s.

The Rise and Rapid Fall of the First US Department of Education

The department, established in 1867, faced opposition from some Southern congressmen who associated it with education for the formerly enslaved.

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Gettysburg Address19th November 1863: Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States of America, making his famous 'Gettysburg Address' speech at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery during the American Civil War. Original Artwork: Painting by Fletcher C Ransom (Photo by Library Of Congress/Getty Images)

Why the Gettysburg Address Is One of the Most Famous Speeches in History

Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 Gettysburg Address contains fewer than 275 words. How did such a short speech carry such a long‑lasting impact?

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Gettysburg battlefield at dusk.

Gettysburg: Ghost Stories From the Civil War Battlefield

For more than a century, people visiting Gettysburg have claimed to hear phantom footsteps, ghostly drumbeats and echoes of musket fire.

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Civil War soldier

11 Objects Carried by American Civil War Soldiers

A Civil War soldier’s load typically weighed 30 to 40 pounds. This is what he wore—and carried.

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The Post‑Civil War Origins of the 14th Amendment’s Disqualification Clause

Lawmakers drafted Section 3 of the 14th Amendment as former Confederate officers were elected to office.

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Bleeding Kansas

How Bleeding Kansas Led to the Civil War

Violent clashes in Kansas and beyond over whether or not to allow slavery in the new territory, deepened divisions ahead of the American Civil War.

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Arlington National Cemetery during the Civil War.

How Robert E. Lee’s Home Became Arlington National Cemetery

When General Robert E. Lee left Arlington to lead Confederate forces, Union troops moved in and soon the general’s estate hosted Civil War burials.

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Richmond Bread Riot

The Richmond Bread Riot: When Women Led the Charge Against Inflation

Food shortages in the South during the Civil War prompted working class women to riot in 1863.

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A military balloon deployed in the Civil War near Gaines Mill, Virginia (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)

How Nations Have Spied from the Sky

Since the Civil War, forces have deployed aerial surveillance gadgets from balloons to robotic dragonflies.

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St. Louis, Missouri: Exodus of African American families from Louisiana and Mississippi to St. Louis. Procession of refugees from the steamboat landing to the colored churches. Engraving, 1879.

How Benjamin ‘Pap’ Singleton Led an Exodus of Freed Black Americans West

Many of the migrants, known as the Exodusters, fled the South after Reconstruction, seeking land and opportunity in Kansas.

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Gettysburg Battlefield National Park, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

9 Events That Led to the Civil War

The Civil War was a conflict many years in the making.

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Engraving shows an agent from the Freedmen's Bureau as he separates two groups of armed men, one comprised of white men and the other of freed slaves, 1868. The Freedmen's Bureau was created to help refugees from the American Civil War.

The Short‑Lived Promise of ’40 Acres and a Mule’

As the Civil War was ending, recently freed Black people were promised land to start independent lives—but Lincoln’s assassination led to that plan’s demise.

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