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Slavery

Slavery was widely practiced throughout the ancient world, and in the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, which helped propel the United States into the Civil War.

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Slavery in America

Slavery in America was the legal institution of enslaving human beings, mainly Africans and African Americans. Slavery started in America since before its founding in 1776 and became the main cause behind the country’s bloody Civil War. Slavery officially ended in America with the passage of the 13th Amendment following the Civil War’s end in 1865.

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Map illustrates the status of slavery in the United States in 1821. Published in 1920, it shows Free States (brown), states undergoing gradual abolition (light brown), free states via the Ordinance of 1787 (dotted), free states via the Missouri Compromise (striped), and slave-holding states (yellow).

Missouri Compromise

Pro‑ and Anti‑Slavery Factions in Congress When the Missouri Territory first applied for statehood in 1818, it was clear that many in the territory wanted to allow slavery in the new state. Part of the more than 800,000 square miles bought from France in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Missouri was known as the Louisiana […]

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The "Life of Sally Hemings" exhibit at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello in Charlottesville, Va.

Sally Hemings

Sally Hemings (1773‑1835) was an enslaved woman owned by Founding Father Thomas Jefferson (1743‑1826). Hemings and Jefferson had a longstanding romantic relationship, and had at least one and perhaps as many as six children together.

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HISTORY: The Amistad Case

Amistad Case

Illegally Captured and Sold Into Slavery The story of the Amistad began in February 1839, when Portuguese slave hunters abducted hundreds of Africans from Mendeland, in present‑day Sierra Leone, and transported them to Cuba, then a Spanish colony. Though the United States, Britain, Spain and other European powers had abolished the importation of enslaved peoples […]

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Underground Railroad

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2:43 minTV-PG
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The System of American Slavery

Historians and experts examine the American system of racialized slavery and the hypocrisy it relied on to function.

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1:55 minTV-PG

Compromise of 1850

Matthew Pinsker gives a crash course on the Compromise of 1850, the resolution to a dispute over slavery in territory gained after the Mexican‑American War.

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2:39 minTV-PG

Gateway to Freedom: The Underground Railroad

Professor Eric Foner discusses key people and events in the history of the Underground Railroad. He explains how slaves escaped to freedom with assistance from anti‑slavery activists.

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3:54 minTV-PG

America’s Reliance on Slavery Grows with the Expansion of Cotton

America is at the brink of a Civil War as cotton spreads west and threatens to expand slavery into new territories.

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Details of Brutal First Slave Voyages Discovered

After Charles I of Spain signed an edict launching the transatlantic slave trade, human cargo on transatlantic voyages spiked nearly tenfold.

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How the Amistad Rebellion, and Its Extraordinary Trial, Unfolded

The 1839 mutiny, led by an African rice farmer known as Cinqué, galvanized the abolitionist movement.

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What Frederick Douglass Revealed—and Omitted—in His Famous Autobiographies

The former slave, whose brilliant prose and soaring oratory pricked the conscience of a nation, carefully shaped his own myth. Details like a white second wife didn’t fit.

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David Wilmot (1814-1868) U.S. politician from Pennsylvania. One of the founders of the Republican Party; U.S. Senator 1861-1863.

The Failed 1846 Amendment That Tried to Contain Slavery

Debate over the Wilmot Proviso inflamed North‑South divisions ahead of the Civil War.

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This Day in History

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1818

Frederick Douglass is born

Slavery
1783

Zong slave ship trial: insurance loss or mass murder?

Slavery
1619

First enslaved Africans arrive in Jamestown, setting the stage for slavery in North America

Slavery
1865

Abolition of slavery announced in Texas on “Juneteenth”

Slavery
1865

Slavery abolished in America with adoption of 13th amendment

Slavery
1851

The Christiana Riot

Slavery
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